Pros and Cons of the Most Commonly Used Types of Residential Insulation

September 2024 · 2 minute read

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Blown Insulation

Blown insulation, commonly composed of fiberglass or cellulose, offers ease of installation and flexibility. Its small particles conform to any space, can fill existing walls with minimal intrusion damage and can fill to any desired depth. Settling can be an advantage in attics, or a disadvantage in walls. Blown-in insulation is a good solution for retrofit situations.

Pros

• Least expensive choice and easily fills around pipes and duct work

• Re-use it by collecting with a vacuum and relocating

Cons

• As with batts, fiberglass dust can irritate lungs, eyes and skin

• Weight of cellulose can overburden some standard ceiling construction styles

• Holds moisture to the point of causing issues with performance and mold

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Courtesy of Eric Gladson/Integrity Plus Insulation LLC

Spray Foam Insulation

Spray foam typically performs better than any other insulation product, essentially stopping air movement, but cost can be a significant drawback. Open-cell foam (bubbles that burst) expands to fill any cavity but offers lower R-value density and can transmit moisture. Closed-cell foam retains bubble integrity creating a complete air, water and vapor seal.

Pros

Highest R-value densities, and can be applied to any surface regardless of location

• Eliminates the need for separate vapor barriers (closed-cell) and reduces sound transmission

Cons

Installation produces toxic gasses, creates a mess on the site and leaks through unsealed joints and openings

• Usually requires a specialized subcontractor with specific training and experience

• Far more expensive than other materials

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Shutterstock/ Radovan1

Rigid Foam Insulation

Rigid foam combines easy installation with the performance of foam and comes in three primary styles: expanded or extruded polystyrene, and polyisocyanurate. Its R-value density and rating can approach spray-foam levels. All rigid foam is moisture-resistant, but extruded foam sheets stand up to exterior exposure.

Pros:

• The only style of insulation that blocks thermal conduction through structural elements

• Installation requires no special equipment or extraordinary protection for workers

• Mid-priced, between expensive spray foams and low-cost blown and batt styles

Cons

• Must cut to fit around wiring and pipes, then seal all cuts and joints to maintain air-tight enclosure

• Cannot use rigid foam for structural elements; many foams must also be covered with drywall in living spaces

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